Maternal and Reproductive Health Nursing

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ADHERENCE TO EIGHT OR MORE ANTENATAL CARE MODEL AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS AMONG POSTPARTUM MOTHERS AT PUBLIC HEALTH FACILITIES OF SULULTA DISTRICT, NORTH SHEWA ZONE, OROMIA, ETHIOPIA, 2024
(2025-05-01) ANANE MULATU
Abstract Background: To reduce pregnancy and childbirth complications, adequate antenatal care (ANC) contacts during pregnancy is vital. By recognizing basic ANC were associated with high maternal mortality, WHO revised its ANC guidelines in 2016, which recommends all pregnant women to have at least eight contacts. However, ANC coverage is low worldwide, 53.3% in East Africa including Ethiopia received the recommended care. Although there are few studies conducted in Ethiopia, information on adherence level to the 8+ ANC at health Facilities in Sululta woreda is lacking. Objective: To assess the adherence level to 8+ antenatal care model and associated factors among postpartum mothers at Sululta district public health facilities, Oromia: Ethiopia, 2024. Methods: An institutional based cross-sectional study was conducted at public health facilities of Sululta District from October 10 to November 10, 2024. A systematic random sampling technique was used to select 410 study participants. Logistic regression models were used, and odds ratios with 95% CI and p value <0.05 was used to determine the association between dependent and independent variables. Results: The overall level of adherence to new 8+ ANC model during this study was 25.4%. Residence of mother’s (AOR:3.060, 95%CI:1.166, 8.034), Previous mode of delivery (AOR: 3.329, 95%CI:1.390, 7.974), History of obstetric complication (AOR:6.162, 95%CI:2.693, 14.099), Maternal satisfaction (AOR: 6.775, 95%CI:2.460, 18.657) and type of health facility for ANC (AOR:2.945, 95%CI:1.242, 6.928) were significantly associated with new 8+ antenatal care model. Conclusion and Recommendation: The adherence level of mothers to the new 8+ ANC model among post-partum women at public health facilities of sululta district was low. Therefore, it needs a great effort by health care providers, health care managers and responsible bodies to provide quality and satisfactory service, giving special attention of pregnant women from rural residents to maximize adherence to the new 8+ ANC model. Keywords: Antenatal care, pregnancy, adherence, 8+ ANC model, Oromia Ethiopia
ARRIVAL TO HEALTH PROFESIONAL VISIT TIME AND ITS PREDICTORS AMOUNG LABORING MOTHERS AT ASELLA TEACHING AND REFERRAL HOSPITAL, ETHIOPIA, 2025G.C
(2025-05-01) EYOB AMARE
ABSTRACT Background: Arrival-to-health-professional-visit time is critical in reducing maternal and neonatal mortality, as delays in this process can lead to severe complications such as hemorrhage, neonatal asphyxia, and sepsis. In Ethiopia, maternal deaths are primarily caused by hemorrhage, hypertensive disorders, abortion, and sepsis—conditions that can be prevented with timely access to obstetric care. Delays in care from arrival to health professional visit contribute significantly to maternal deaths, which could be reduced by up to 98% with timely care. This study aims to address the data gap regarding the time from a laboring mother’s arrival to the initial health professional visit and to identify factors causing delays at Asella Teaching and Referral Hospital (ATRH). Objective: To assess the time from arrival to health professional visit and identify its predictors among laboring mothers at Asella Teaching and Referral Hospital in Arsi Zone, Ethiopia, in 2024. Methods: This institutional-based prospective cohort study was conducted from October 5 to November 15, 2024. Data were collected through direct observation and medical records, with pre-testing at Bokoji Hospital. SPSS version 26 was used for data analysis. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was used to estimate survival functions, and the Log-rank test compared differences in wait times across groups. Cox proportional hazards regression adjusted for potential confounders, and multicollinearity was assessed using the variance inflation factor. Results: Out of 670 study participants, approximately 36.4% were seen within 10 minutes after arrival. The restricted mean arrival-to-health-professional-visit time was 26.7 minutes (95% CI: 24.94–28.51). Waiting for a bed (AOR = 0.63, 95% CI: 0.50–0.96), availability of essential resources (AOR = 0.358, 95% CI: 0.242–0.531), and availability of staff (AOR = 1.97, 95% CI: 1.34–2.88) were statistically significant predictors of delayed arrival-to-health-professional-visit times. Conclusion and Recommendation: A small proportion of mothers were seen within the recommended time frame. Delays due to waiting for a bed, limited essential resources, and insufficient staff were significant predictors of extended arrival times. Addressing these issues can help reduce delays and improve timely care for laboring mothers. Keywords: Arrival time, health professional visit, obstetric triage, predictors of delay.
COMPARISON OF SHORT BIRTH INTERVAL PRACTICES AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS AMONG HEALTH PROFESSIONALS AND NON-HEALTH PROFESSIONAL CIVIL SERVANTS WOMEN IN ASELLA TOWN, SOUTHEAST ETHIOPIA
(2025-05-01) ADANECH GIZAW
Abstract Introduction: Birth interval is the time period between two successive births. There is a limited study on short birth interval among civil servants in Ethiopia. Objective: To compare magnitude of short birth interval practice and its associated factors among health professional and non-health professional civil servant women in Asella town Southeast Ethiopia from October 12, 2024 to November 12, 2024. Methods: A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted using a simple random sampling technique to select 418 women civil servants. Data was collected using a pre-tested structured questionnaire, and entered using Epi data 4.6 and analyzed using SPSS 25. A binary logistic regression model was used to identify the association factors. AOR with a 95% CI were estimated strength of associations, and significance was declared at a p–value < 0. 05. Results: The magnitude of short birth interval of non-health professional was 35.6% (95% CI: 29-42.1%) compared to 31.9% (95% CI: 25.6-38.3%) for health professional and no difference in statistically significant. Having a female preceding child (AOR=2.30, 95% CI: 1.16-4.54), having parity two (AOR=3.01, 95% CI: 1.10-8.21) and not using contraceptives (AOR=2.13, 95% CI: 1.06-4.27) were factors associated with short birth intervals among female health professionals. Being age 25-34 (AR=2.73, 95% CI: 1.29, 5.79), having a female preceding child (AOR=2.07, 95% CI: 1.07-3.98), not using contraceptives (AOR=2.43, 95% CI: 1.10-5.37), and breastfeeding for less than 12 months (AOR=2.75, 95% CI: 1.05-7.21) were associated with short birth intervals among female non-health professionals. Conclusion and recommendation: The study shows that the magnitude of short birth interval practices was higher among in non-health professional compared to health professional women. Having a female preceding child, having two parities, and not using contraceptives were significantly associated factors among female health professionals, whereas maternal age 25-34 years, having a female preceding child, not using contraceptives, and having a duration of breastfeeding less than 12 months were significantly associated factors of short birth intervals among female non-health professionals. Therefore, awareness about modern contraceptive utilization and the importance of breastfeeding as a birth spacing mechanism are recommended. Keywords: Short birth interval, Civil servants, Health professional, Ethiopia
DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF RISK SCORE PREDICTION MODEL FOR STILL BIRTH AT ASELLA TEACHING REFERRAL HOSPITAL, OROMIA, ETHIOPIA,2024
(2025-05-01) Shilima Urge
Abstract Back ground: - stillbirth is defined as the death of the fetus after 28 weeks of gestation or weight more than 1000 g before extraction from the uterus. A grave public health concern, stillbirth was claiming the lives of over 1.9 million children; 83.6% of all stillbirths occurred in low-income countries in 2021. The silent tragedy of stillbirth devastates women's lives, families' lives, and even nations. Even though a number of studies have been done to predict the risk of stillbirth but the problem is still underestimated. In a limited resource country like Ethiopia, the development and validation of risk score prediction is quite substantial to take further meaningful action. Objective: - To develop and validate of risk score prediction model for stillbirth at Asella Teaching and Referral Hospital, Oromia, Ethiopia. 2024G.C Methodology: - A retrospective follow-up study was conducted at Asella Teaching and Referral Hospital from 1 October 2022 to 1 October 2024. Every expectant mother giving birth at Asella Teaching and Referral Hospital served as the source population. 1,008 participants were recruited in the study by a computer-generated random sampling technique. Data were collected using kobo tool box. The logistic regression analysis used to develop the model. To assess performance, the model discrimination and calibration of the model were done. Lastly, the model was validated by the bootstrapping method. Decision curve analysis was used to evaluate clinical implication model. Result: The study found incidence of stillbirth at Asella Teaching and Referral Hospital were 10.3% and those maternal characteristics like history of stillbirth, history of anemia, history of abortion, abruptio placenta, preeclampsia, and cord accident predictors of stillbirth, with a ROC of 0.767, and a well-calibrated model. It was internally validated and has optimism of 0.0007999. the model was found to have clinical benefit. Conclusion and Recommendation: - The developed risk-score has excellent discrimination performance and clinical benefit. It can be used in the clinical settings by healthcare providers for early detection, timely decision making, and improving care quality. Utilization of model is helpful to prevent incidence of stillbirth by 10.3%. The study reveals obstetric and gynecological issues predict stillbirth, recommending Hospital's maternal health team to consider these predictors and Key words:- development, validation, stillbirth, risk score prediction
INCIDENCE AND PREDICTORS OF NEONATAL MORTALITY AMONG NEONATES ADMITTED WITH PERINATAL ASPHYXIA AT ASELLA REFERRAL AND TEACHING HOSPITAL, ETHIOPIA: A RETROSPECTIVE COHORT STUDY, 2024
(2025-05-01) YOSEF ZEMENE
ABSTRACT Introduction Perinatal asphyxia is a preventable and treatable cause of newborn death, yet it remains the third leading cause of death among children under one month. It can have both short- and long-term neurodevelopmental consequences, including impairment or death. Despite advancements in management, perinatal asphyxia remains a significant public health issue, particularly in developing countries like Ethiopia. Adequate data on death rates and associated determinants are crucial due to the underreported comorbidities. Objectives To assess the incidence and predictors of mortality among neonates with perinatal asphyxia admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit at Asella Referral and Teaching Hospital, Oromia, Ethiopia, in 2024. Methods and Materials A five-year retrospective cohort study was conducted from January 1, 2020, to September 31, 2024. A simple random sampling technique was used to select 354 neonates’ charts who met the inclusion criteria. The data were exported to SPSS for analysis, applying both descriptive and inferential statistics to address the study objectives. Results During the follow-up period, the overall incidence of mortality was 54 per 1000 person-days observation (95% CI: 44.4 to 63.7). The proportion of death was 120 neonates (33.9%) died. Several factors were identified as significant predictors of mortality, including Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy (HIE) Stage III, ARR = 1.526, 95% CI: (1.387-1.680), and HIE stage II, ARR = 1.488, 95% CI: (1.363-1.625), Age of neonates b/n 30-to-60 minutes at admission ARR = 1.110, 95% CI: (1.033-1.186), Non vertex-fetal presentation ARR = 1.069, 95% CI: (1.013-1.128), History of use of CPAP, ARR = 0.905, 95% CI: (.813-0.999), and History of Hypoglycemia ARR = 0.773, 95% CI: (0.628-0.950). There were significant predictors of mortality among neonates with perinatal asphyxia. Conclusion and Recommendation: The study found that the neonatal mortality among neonates admitted with perinatal asphyxia remains high, advanced stages of HIE, Age of neonates at admission, Fetal presentation, History of use of CPAP, and History of Hypoglycemia were independent predictors of mortality. Early identification of high-risk pregnancies and timely interventions could help reduce neonatal deaths due to perinatal asphyxia. Keywords: Perinatal asphyxia, Incidence, Predictors, Mortality
MATERNAL HEALTH LITERACY AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS AMONG PREGNANT WOMEM IN ASELLA TOWN OROMIA, ARSI ETHIOPA, 2024: A COMMUNITY-BASED CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY
(2025-05-01) GELEAD NIGATU
Abstract Background: Maternal health literacy is the ability of mothers to obtain, interpret, appraise, and apply women and child health information that contributes to a reduction in mortality among mothers and children. But little is known about the prevalence of maternal health literacy (MHL) and its contributing factors during pregnancy in Ethiopia, particularly in the study area. Objective: To assess prevalence of maternal health literacy and associated factors among pregnant woman in Asella town, South East, Ethiopia, 2024. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Asella town from August 01, 2024, to September 30, 2024. Data were collected using an interviewer-administered valid and reliable structured questionnaire. The collected data were entered into Epidata version 4.6.0.2 and exported to SPSS version 26 for final analysis. Accordingly, a logistic regression was used to identify independent determinants of maternal health literacy among pregnant women. All variables with a p value < 0.25 in the binary logistic regression model were considered for multivariable analysis and a P-value < 0.05 at 95% CI was considered statistically significant. Result: The overall prevalence of adequate maternal health literacy was 262 (62.4%), with a 95% confidence interval (CI) of (57.6, 66.9). Several factors were associated with MHL , including enrollment in Community-Based Health Insurance (CBHI) (Adjusted Odds Ratio [AOR] = 2.68; 95% CI: (1.39, 5.16) at P-value = 0.003), a travel distance of less than 30 minutes to a health facility (AOR = 1.87; 95% CI: (1.14, 3.09) at P-value = 0.013), and attaining secondary education (AOR = 6.75; 95% CI: (3.53, 12.92) at P-value = 0.001), or a college or university degree (AOR = 5.93; 95% CI: (2.56, 13.72) at P-value = 0.001). Conclusion and Recommendation: The study shows that over half of pregnant women in Asella town have adequate Maternal Health Literacy. Education, pregnancy status, Community Based Health Insurance enrollment, Gravida and distance to health facility influence MHL. Targeted interventions are needed in order to address these issues like women's education, community enrollment, and health facility distance, through policies, mobile clinics, partnerships, and ongoing education. Key word: -Maternal, health, literacy
PREFERENCES FOR THE GENDER OF BIRTH ATTENDANTS AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS AMONG PREGNANT WOMEN ATTENDING ANTENATAL CLINICS AT ASELLA TOWN PUBLIC HEALTH FACILITIES IN THE OROMIA REGION, ETHIOPIA, 2024
(2025-05-01) TEFERA ASRES
Abstract Background: Gender preference is the women’s desire for the same gender or a different gender during childbirth which is influenced by several factors, like comfort, trust, privacy, and cultural beliefs. However, in developing countries, it was not well studied including in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aims to assess pregnant women’s preferences for the gender of birth attendants and associated factors among those attending Antenatal clinics in Asella town public health facilities. Method: A concurrent mixed-methods design was conducted from October to December 2024. Overall, 410 respondents for quantitative were selected by systematic random sampling technique, while purposive sampling was used for the qualitative data based on data saturation. Data were collected for quantitative and qualitative using face-to-face and in-depth interviews respectively. Multinomial logistic regression analysis was conducted at a 95% CI with a significance level (p=<0.05) for quantitative data while thematic analysis was used for qualitative data. Result: The study findings show that 55.8% had no specific preference, 25.9% preferred a male, and 18.3% preferred female birth attendants. In Multinomial logistic regression analysis, previous experience with male birth attendants (AOR: 2.048, 95% CI: 1.185-3.537), planned current pregnancy (AOR: 0.475, 95% CI: 0.229-0.986), and parity one (AOR: 3.393, 95% CI: 1.298-8.870) and parity two (AOR: 3.541, 95% CI: 1.290-9.725) were significantly associated to the male preference. Residence (AOR: 3.411, 95% CI: 1.447-8.039), and (AOR: 2.489, 95% CI: 1.040-5.957) were significantly associated with male and female gender preference respectively. Attitudes towards birth attendants were significantly associated with male and female preferences at (AOR: 0.081, 95% CI: 0.045-0.145), and (AOR: 0.066, 95%CI: 0.034-0.127). The thematic analysis revealed that the gender preference for birth attendants was influenced by personal experience, emotional comfort, skills, and empathy. Conclusion and recommendation: The findings of the study highlighted over half of the women had no gender preference. Previous experience, residence, and parity were associated with gender preference. The concerned bodies would focus on patient-centered care and further research for exploring factors of gender preference in wider areas. Keywords: Gender Preference, Pregnant Women, Birth Attendants
Prevalence of Adverse Birth Outcomes and Associated Factors among Pregnant Women with Hypertensive Disorders at Hospitals in Arsi and East Shewa Zones, Oromia, Ethiopia, 2024GC.
(2025-05-01) Yasin Sultan
plications remains high, underscoring the need for detailed studies to inform effective interventions. Objectives: This study aimed to assess adverse birth outcomes and identify associated factors among pregnant women with Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy at hospitals in Arsi and East Shewa Zones, Oromia, Ethiopia. Methods: This multicenter, institutional-based cross-sectional study analyzed data from 465 women diagnosed with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, systematically sampled from Asella Teaching and Referral Hospital, Adama Comprehensive and Specialized Hospital, and Bekoji Primary Hospital. The study was conducted between August and November 2024. Data were collected using structured questionnaires and medical records and analyzed with SPSS version 20. The prevalence of adverse birth outcomes was calculated as proportions, along with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to estimate the range within which the true prevalence likely falls. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify factors associated with adverse outcomes. Results were reported as adjusted odds ratios (AORs) with corresponding 95% CIs, and a p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Result: The study revealed a high prevalence of adverse birth outcomes 47.2% (95% CI: 42.7%–51.7%) with common outcomes including low birth weight (29.8%), preterm birth (25.7%), and stillbirth (12.5%). Significant predictors of adverse outcomes included lack of antenatal care (ANC) visits (AOR = 3.70, 95% CI: 2.00-6.90), severe preeclampsia (AOR = 4.60, 95% CI: 2.30-9.10), rural residence (AOR = 2.31, 95% CI: 1.42-3.75), and maternal age below 25 years (AOR = 2.10, 95% CI: 1.32-3.34). Conclusions: The study underscores the significant burden of adverse birth outcomes among women with Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy at hospitals in Arsi and East Shewa Zones, Oromia, Ethiopia, highlighting the urgent need for targeted interventions to improve maternal and neonatal health outcomes. Key Words: Adverse Birth Outcome, Perinatal Outcome, Neonatal Outcome, Hypertensive Disorders.
RECOMMENDED POSTNATAL CARE CONTENTS RECEIVED AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS AMONG POSTNATAL MOTHERS IN PUBLIC HEALTH FACILITIES OF ASELLA TOWN, SOUTHEAST ETHIOPIA
(2025-05-01) GENAT NAMO
Abstract Introduction: Postnatal care is crucial for maternal and child health, yet inadequate provision of recommended contents of care can lead to poor health outcomes and complications. Even though providing recommended postnatal care (PNC) contents is crucial to the wellbeing of the women and their babies, the level of receiving the recommended components and its influencing factors were not well studied in Ethiopia, particularly in Asella. Objective: To assess recommended PNC contents received and associated factors among postnatal mothers in Public Health Facilities of Asella Town, Southeast Ethiopia, 2024 Method: A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted from October 12, 2024, to November 12, 2024, among 575 postnatal mothers in the public health facilities of Asella Town using a systematic random sampling technique. Data were collected using the structure and a pre-tested questionnaire. Data were entered into Epi Data version 4.6 and exported to Statistical Package of Social Science (SPSS) version 26 for analysis. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were done to identify associated factors. The statistically significant was declared with a p-value less than 0.05, and AOR with a 95% confidence interval was used to measure the strength of association. Results: The overall magnitude of mothers who received recommended PNC contents service was 12.9% (95% CI: 10.1-15.6). Being civil servants (AOR: 2.35; 95% CI: 1.07- 5.75), multiparous (AOR: 2.21; 95% CI: 1.02-4.77), giving birth at the hospital (AOR: 2.37; 95% CI: 1.27-4.44), and giving birth by caesarean section (AOR: 1.91; 95% CI: 1.05-3.46) were found to be statistically associated with receiving all contents of postnatal care.
SELF- MEDICATION ABORTION PRACTICE AND ITS ASSOCIATED FACTORS AMONG PREGNANT WOMEN ATTENDING ABORTION SERVICE AT ASELLA TOWN PUBLIC HEALTH FACILITIES, OROMIA REGIONAL STATE, ASELLA, ETHIOPIA
(2025-05-01) TIGIST ABEBE
Abstract Background: When a woman, her husband, a family member, or a friend brings an abortion pill over-the-counter without a prescription, medical supervision, or instruction, it is referred to as "self-medication." Self-administered medication abortion pill by an unskilled person is considered to be unsafe abortion by World Health Organization. Even though many studies were conducted on unsafe abortion in Ethiopia, few studies have explored about unsupervised selfintake of medical abortion pills. Objective: To assess Self- Medication Abortion Practice and its Associated Factors among Pregnant Women Attending Abortion Service at Asella Town Public Health Facilities, Oromia Regional state, Asella, Ethiopia Methods: Institution-based mixed method approach with sequential explanatory study design was employed in Asella town public health facilities. The quantitative part was conducted among 403 Pregnant Women. Random sampling technique with structured interviewer administered questionnaire was used. Data were entered into Epi data and cleaned using frequency distribution and cross- tabulation. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 25 software packages. The key informant IDI was transcribed and translated manually. Translated data was coded and categorized and different ideas in the text were merged in their categories. Results: Out of 403 respondents, 97 (24.1%) were terminate their pregnancy by self-medication abortion practice. Predictors that were significantly associated with self-medication abortion practice at P-value <0.05 and P-value< 0.001 were private employee (AOR=7.28, 95% CI [1.92- 32.21]), secondary education(AOR=0.25, 95% CI [0.07-0.84]), higher education (AOR=0.08, 95% CI [0.02-0.34]), average monthly income of household , (AOR=0.24, 95% CI[0.076, 0.78]), and unplanned(AOR=11.71, 95% CI [4.39, 31.21]). Conclusion: The prevalence of self-medication abortion was significant in the study area. This significant increase was reasoned out by the qualitative study as unwanted pregnancy, financial constraints, and privacy concern. The predictors of self-medication abortion practice among the study population were private employee, education, household’s average monthly income, and having unplanned pregnancy in the current particular study. Strict control and surveillance on abortion pills as over-the-counter and further research is necessary to explore additional reasons of self-medication abortion practice in diverse healthcare settings. Keywords: Self-Medication, Practice, Unsupervised medication abortion
UTILIZATION OF CHLORHEXIDINE GEL FOR UMBILICAL CORD CARE AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS AMONG MOTHERS OF INFANTS AGED LESS THAN SIX MONTHS ATTENDING PUBLIC HEALTH FACILITIES IN ASELLA TOWN, OROMIA REGION STATE, ETHIOPIA
(2025-05-01) NIGAT FANO
Abstract Introduction: Evidence showed that umbilical cord hygiene prevents sepsis, which is one cause of neonatal mortality. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends 7.1% chlorhexidine gluconate (CHX) application to the umbilicus for the consecutive seven days in high mortality contexts. However, there is paucity of studies on utilization of chlorhexidine gel for umbilical cord care in Ethiopia. Objective: To assess utilization of chlorhexidine gel for umbilical cord care and associated factors among mothers having infants less than six months of age attending public health facilities of Asella town, Oromia regional state, Ethiopia,2024. Methods: A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted from October 12, 2024 to November 12,2024 among 415 mothers with infants aged less than six months in public health facilities of Asella town. A systematic random sampling technique was employed to select study participants. Data was collected using the structure and a pre-tested questionnaire. Data was entered into Epi Data version 4.6 and exported to SPSS version 26 for analysis. A binary logistic regression model was used to identify associated factors. The adjusted odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval and a p-value less than 0.05 was used to determine the statistically significant. Results: The utilization of chlorhexidine gel in this study was 30.2% (95% CI: 25.5- 34.9). Being multiparous (AOR: 2.60; 95% CI: 1.06,6.38), received counsel on cord care (AOR: 2.09; 95% CI: 1.08,4.06), having favorable attitude (AOR: 2.50; 95% CI: 1.35,4.62) and good knowledge (AOR: 2.08; 95% CI: 1.16, 3.70) were found significantly associated with an adequate utilization of chlorhexidine gel. Conclusion and recommendation: Utilization of chlorhexidine was lower than the national finding. Having good knowledge, favorable attitude, being multiparous and receiving counsel on cord care were associated with adequate utilization of chlorhexidine. Therefore, it is recommended that healthcare providers should strengthen counseling mothers during postnatal care on the benefits and importance of chlorhexidine use. Keywords: Utilization, chlorhexidine gel, umbilical cord care, Asella, Ethiopia.
UTILIZATION OF EARLY OBSTETRIC ULTRASOUND SCAN AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS AMONG PREGNANT WOMEN ATTENDING ANTENATAL CARE AT PUBLIC HEALTH FACILITIES IN ASELLA TOWN, ARSI, OROMIA, ETHIOPIA, 2024
(2025-05-01) Fatuma Adem
Abstract Background: Early obstetric ultrasound utilization remains a global challenge, particularly in developing countries. Despite WHO recommendations for routine scans before 24 weeks gestation, many women face challenges that limit utilization of ultrasound services. Addressing these issues is crucial for improving early utilization of ultrasound scan services. Objective: To assess the utilization of early obstetric ultrasound scan and associated factors among pregnant women attending antenatal care at public health facilities in Asella town, Arsi, Oromia, Ethiopia, 2024. Methods and materials: A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted on 462 pregnant women antenatal care at public health facilities in Asella town. The Study units were selected through systematic sampling technique. Data were collected by structured questionnaires which were developed from different literatures, and entered into Epi-data 3.1 and exported to SPSS 25. To find associated factors of early obstetric ultrasound scan, bivariate and multivariate logistic regressions were performed. The presence and strength of associations were estimated using AOR with a 95% CI, and statistical significance was deemed at a p-v <0.05. Results: A total of 462 women answered to the questionnaire, yielding a response rate of 100%. Prevalence of early obstetric ultrasound utilization in the study area was 76.4%. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that variables like History for obstetric ultrasound scan (AOR 4.597, 95% CI: 2.022-10.454), Information/advice during ANC visit (AOR 3.961, 95% CI: 1.786–8.784), Knowledge about early obstetric ultrasound (AOR 5.057, 95% CI: 1.353– 18.898) and ANC (AOR 5.030, 95% CI: 2.519–10.044) were predictors of early obstetric ultrasound utilization. Conclusion: The prevalence of early obstetric ultrasound utilization was relatively high in the study settings compared with previous studies. History for obstetric ultrasound scan, Information/advice during ANC contact, History for Obstetric complication, Knowledge about early obstetric ultrasound and ANC contacted were predictors of early obstetric ultrasound utilization. Therefore, Stakeholders need to improve women’s awareness on the benefits of early obstetric ultrasound screening. Keywords: utilization, early obstetric ultrasound, Referral hospitals, Asella town
Willingness to Accept Human Papillomavirus Vaccine and its Associated Factors Among Parents with Eligible Daughters in Asella Town. A Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study, 2024
(2025-05-01) Tigist Benti Fufa
Abstract Background: Human Papillomavirus, is the most widespread viral infection affecting the reproductive system and can lead to various conditions, such as precancerous lesions that might advance to cancer. Even though these vaccines are available free of charge, the level of acceptance is not uniform across different population groups. Objective: the main objective of this study was to assess the level of willingness to accept Human papillomavirus vaccine among parents for their eligible daughters and its associated factors in Asella town, Arsi Zone, Oromia, Ethiopia. Methods: a community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from October 31 to November 09/2024 in selected Kebeles of Asella town. A total of 500 study participants were selected from randomly selected kebeles. Three trained data collectors collected the data by using Kobo ToolBox and they were supervised by the principal investigator. The collected data were exported to statistical package for social science version 25 for analysis. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analysis were made. Variables having p-value <=0.25 in bivariable analysis were selected as a candidate variable for multivariable analysis. Level of significance was declared using p-value<=0.05, crude and adjusted odds ratios along with their 95% confidence interval. Results: the level of parental willingness to accept HPV vaccine for their daughters was 69.6%, (95% CI, 65.3, 73.6%). Father being private employee 7.24(AOR 95% CI, 1.74, 30.11) and government employee 3.81(AOR 95% CI, 1.73, 8.40), occupation of the mother being private employee 2.61 (AOR 95% CI, 1.04, 6.58) and merchant 4.94 (AOR 95% CI, 1.77, 13.79), having good level of knowledge 2.45 (AOR 95% CI, 1.11, 5.53) and positive attitude 12.73 (AOR 95% CI, 3.21, 50.57) were significantly and independently associated with parental willingness to accept HPV vaccine for their daughters. Conclusion and recommendations: the level of parental willingness to accept HPV vaccine for their daughters was suboptimal in the study area. Mother and fathers occupation, having positive attitude and good level of knowledge were associated with parental willingness to accept HPV vaccine for their daughters. Awareness creation and targeted interventions are needed to increase the level of parental willingness to accept human papillomavirus vaccine for their daughters.

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