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INCIDENCE AND PREDICTORS OF NEONATAL MORTALITY AMONG NEONATES ADMITTED WITH PERINATAL ASPHYXIA AT ASELLA REFERRAL AND TEACHING HOSPITAL, ETHIOPIA: A RETROSPECTIVE COHORT STUDY, 2024
(2025-05-01) YOSEF ZEMENE
ABSTRACT
Introduction
Perinatal asphyxia is a preventable and treatable cause of newborn death, yet it remains the third
leading cause of death among children under one month. It can have both short- and long-term
neurodevelopmental consequences, including impairment or death. Despite advancements in
management, perinatal asphyxia remains a significant public health issue, particularly in
developing countries like Ethiopia. Adequate data on death rates and associated determinants are
crucial due to the underreported comorbidities.
Objectives
To assess the incidence and predictors of mortality among neonates with perinatal asphyxia
admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit at Asella Referral and Teaching Hospital, Oromia,
Ethiopia, in 2024.
Methods and Materials
A five-year retrospective cohort study was conducted from January 1, 2020, to September 31,
2024. A simple random sampling technique was used to select 354 neonates’ charts who met the
inclusion criteria. The data were exported to SPSS for analysis, applying both descriptive and
inferential statistics to address the study objectives.
Results
During the follow-up period, the overall incidence of mortality was 54 per 1000 person-days
observation (95% CI: 44.4 to 63.7). The proportion of death was 120 neonates (33.9%) died.
Several factors were identified as significant predictors of mortality, including Hypoxic-Ischemic
Encephalopathy (HIE) Stage III, ARR = 1.526, 95% CI: (1.387-1.680), and HIE stage II, ARR =
1.488, 95% CI: (1.363-1.625), Age of neonates b/n 30-to-60 minutes at admission ARR = 1.110,
95% CI: (1.033-1.186), Non vertex-fetal presentation ARR = 1.069, 95% CI: (1.013-1.128),
History of use of CPAP, ARR = 0.905, 95% CI: (.813-0.999), and History of Hypoglycemia
ARR = 0.773, 95% CI: (0.628-0.950). There were significant predictors of mortality among
neonates with perinatal asphyxia.
Conclusion and Recommendation: The study found that the neonatal mortality among
neonates admitted with perinatal asphyxia remains high, advanced stages of HIE, Age of
neonates at admission, Fetal presentation, History of use of CPAP, and History of Hypoglycemia
were independent predictors of mortality. Early identification of high-risk pregnancies and
timely interventions could help reduce neonatal deaths due to perinatal asphyxia.
Keywords: Perinatal asphyxia, Incidence, Predictors, Mortality
Prevalence of Adverse Birth Outcomes and Associated Factors among Pregnant Women with Hypertensive Disorders at Hospitals in Arsi and East Shewa Zones, Oromia, Ethiopia, 2024GC.
(2025-05-01) Yasin Sultan
plications remains high, underscoring the need for detailed studies to inform
effective interventions.
Objectives: This study aimed to assess adverse birth outcomes and identify associated factors
among pregnant women with Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy at hospitals in Arsi and
East Shewa Zones, Oromia, Ethiopia.
Methods: This multicenter, institutional-based cross-sectional study analyzed data from 465
women diagnosed with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, systematically sampled from
Asella Teaching and Referral Hospital, Adama Comprehensive and Specialized Hospital, and
Bekoji Primary Hospital. The study was conducted between August and November 2024.
Data were collected using structured questionnaires and medical records and analyzed with
SPSS version 20. The prevalence of adverse birth outcomes was calculated as proportions,
along with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to estimate the range within which the true
prevalence likely falls. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were
conducted to identify factors associated with adverse outcomes. Results were reported as
adjusted odds ratios (AORs) with corresponding 95% CIs, and a p-value of <0.05 was
considered statistically significant.
Result: The study revealed a high prevalence of adverse birth outcomes 47.2% (95% CI:
42.7%–51.7%) with common outcomes including low birth weight (29.8%), preterm birth
(25.7%), and stillbirth (12.5%). Significant predictors of adverse outcomes included lack of
antenatal care (ANC) visits (AOR = 3.70, 95% CI: 2.00-6.90), severe preeclampsia (AOR =
4.60, 95% CI: 2.30-9.10), rural residence (AOR = 2.31, 95% CI: 1.42-3.75), and maternal age
below 25 years (AOR = 2.10, 95% CI: 1.32-3.34).
Conclusions: The study underscores the significant burden of adverse birth outcomes among
women with Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy at hospitals in Arsi and East Shewa Zones,
Oromia, Ethiopia, highlighting the urgent need for targeted interventions to improve maternal
and neonatal health outcomes.
Key Words: Adverse Birth Outcome, Perinatal Outcome, Neonatal Outcome, Hypertensive
Disorders.
Willingness to Accept Human Papillomavirus Vaccine and its Associated Factors Among Parents with Eligible Daughters in Asella Town. A Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study, 2024
(2025-05-01) Tigist Benti Fufa
Abstract
Background: Human Papillomavirus, is the most widespread viral infection affecting the
reproductive system and can lead to various conditions, such as precancerous lesions that might
advance to cancer. Even though these vaccines are available free of charge, the level of
acceptance is not uniform across different population groups.
Objective: the main objective of this study was to assess the level of willingness to accept
Human papillomavirus vaccine among parents for their eligible daughters and its associated
factors in Asella town, Arsi Zone, Oromia, Ethiopia.
Methods: a community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from October 31 to
November 09/2024 in selected Kebeles of Asella town. A total of 500 study participants were
selected from randomly selected kebeles. Three trained data collectors collected the data by
using Kobo ToolBox and they were supervised by the principal investigator. The collected data
were exported to statistical package for social science version 25 for analysis. Bivariate and
multivariable logistic regression analysis were made. Variables having p-value <=0.25 in
bivariable analysis were selected as a candidate variable for multivariable analysis. Level of
significance was declared using p-value<=0.05, crude and adjusted odds ratios along with their
95% confidence interval.
Results: the level of parental willingness to accept HPV vaccine for their daughters was 69.6%,
(95% CI, 65.3, 73.6%). Father being private employee 7.24(AOR 95% CI, 1.74, 30.11) and
government employee 3.81(AOR 95% CI, 1.73, 8.40), occupation of the mother being private
employee 2.61 (AOR 95% CI, 1.04, 6.58) and merchant 4.94 (AOR 95% CI, 1.77, 13.79), having
good level of knowledge 2.45 (AOR 95% CI, 1.11, 5.53) and positive attitude 12.73 (AOR 95%
CI, 3.21, 50.57) were significantly and independently associated with parental willingness to
accept HPV vaccine for their daughters.
Conclusion and recommendations: the level of parental willingness to accept HPV vaccine for
their daughters was suboptimal in the study area. Mother and fathers occupation, having positive
attitude and good level of knowledge were associated with parental willingness to accept HPV
vaccine for their daughters. Awareness creation and targeted interventions are needed to increase
the level of parental willingness to accept human papillomavirus vaccine for their daughters.
SELF- MEDICATION ABORTION PRACTICE AND ITS ASSOCIATED FACTORS AMONG PREGNANT WOMEN ATTENDING ABORTION SERVICE AT ASELLA TOWN PUBLIC HEALTH FACILITIES, OROMIA REGIONAL STATE, ASELLA, ETHIOPIA
(2025-05-01) TIGIST ABEBE
Abstract
Background: When a woman, her husband, a family member, or a friend brings an abortion pill
over-the-counter without a prescription, medical supervision, or instruction, it is referred to as
"self-medication." Self-administered medication abortion pill by an unskilled person is
considered to be unsafe abortion by World Health Organization. Even though many studies were
conducted on unsafe abortion in Ethiopia, few studies have explored about unsupervised selfintake of medical abortion pills.
Objective: To assess Self- Medication Abortion Practice and its Associated Factors among
Pregnant Women Attending Abortion Service at Asella Town Public Health Facilities, Oromia
Regional state, Asella, Ethiopia
Methods: Institution-based mixed method approach with sequential explanatory study design
was employed in Asella town public health facilities. The quantitative part was conducted among
403 Pregnant Women. Random sampling technique with structured interviewer administered
questionnaire was used. Data were entered into Epi data and cleaned using frequency distribution
and cross- tabulation. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 25 software packages. The
key informant IDI was transcribed and translated manually. Translated data was coded and
categorized and different ideas in the text were merged in their categories.
Results: Out of 403 respondents, 97 (24.1%) were terminate their pregnancy by self-medication
abortion practice. Predictors that were significantly associated with self-medication abortion
practice at P-value <0.05 and P-value< 0.001 were private employee (AOR=7.28, 95% CI [1.92-
32.21]), secondary education(AOR=0.25, 95% CI [0.07-0.84]), higher education (AOR=0.08,
95% CI [0.02-0.34]), average monthly income of household , (AOR=0.24, 95% CI[0.076,
0.78]), and unplanned(AOR=11.71, 95% CI [4.39, 31.21]).
Conclusion: The prevalence of self-medication abortion was significant in the study area. This
significant increase was reasoned out by the qualitative study as unwanted pregnancy, financial
constraints, and privacy concern. The predictors of self-medication abortion practice among the
study population were private employee, education, household’s average monthly income, and
having unplanned pregnancy in the current particular study. Strict control and surveillance on
abortion pills as over-the-counter and further research is necessary to explore additional reasons
of self-medication abortion practice in diverse healthcare settings.
Keywords: Self-Medication, Practice, Unsupervised medication abortion
PREFERENCES FOR THE GENDER OF BIRTH ATTENDANTS AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS AMONG PREGNANT WOMEN ATTENDING ANTENATAL CLINICS AT ASELLA TOWN PUBLIC HEALTH FACILITIES IN THE OROMIA REGION, ETHIOPIA, 2024
(2025-05-01) TEFERA ASRES
Abstract
Background: Gender preference is the women’s desire for the same gender or a different gender
during childbirth which is influenced by several factors, like comfort, trust, privacy, and cultural
beliefs. However, in developing countries, it was not well studied including in Ethiopia.
Therefore, this study aims to assess pregnant women’s preferences for the gender of birth
attendants and associated factors among those attending Antenatal clinics in Asella town public
health facilities.
Method: A concurrent mixed-methods design was conducted from October to December 2024.
Overall, 410 respondents for quantitative were selected by systematic random sampling
technique, while purposive sampling was used for the qualitative data based on data saturation.
Data were collected for quantitative and qualitative using face-to-face and in-depth interviews
respectively. Multinomial logistic regression analysis was conducted at a 95% CI with a
significance level (p=<0.05) for quantitative data while thematic analysis was used for
qualitative data.
Result: The study findings show that 55.8% had no specific preference, 25.9% preferred a male,
and 18.3% preferred female birth attendants. In Multinomial logistic regression analysis,
previous experience with male birth attendants (AOR: 2.048, 95% CI: 1.185-3.537), planned
current pregnancy (AOR: 0.475, 95% CI: 0.229-0.986), and parity one (AOR: 3.393, 95% CI:
1.298-8.870) and parity two (AOR: 3.541, 95% CI: 1.290-9.725) were significantly associated to
the male preference. Residence (AOR: 3.411, 95% CI: 1.447-8.039), and (AOR: 2.489, 95% CI:
1.040-5.957) were significantly associated with male and female gender preference respectively.
Attitudes towards birth attendants were significantly associated with male and female
preferences at (AOR: 0.081, 95% CI: 0.045-0.145), and (AOR: 0.066, 95%CI: 0.034-0.127). The
thematic analysis revealed that the gender preference for birth attendants was influenced by
personal experience, emotional comfort, skills, and empathy.
Conclusion and recommendation: The findings of the study highlighted over half of the
women had no gender preference. Previous experience, residence, and parity were associated
with gender preference. The concerned bodies would focus on patient-centered care and further
research for exploring factors of gender preference in wider areas.
Keywords: Gender Preference, Pregnant Women, Birth Attendants