Speciality in Obstetrics and Gynecology

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    Intention To Use Vasectomy and Its Predictors Among Married Men Attending Reproductive Health Services at Public Health Facilities of Asella Town, Arsi Zone, Oromia, 2025
    (2025-05-01) Natnael Legesse
    Abstract Background: Vasectomy is a safe, simple, and highly effective method of permanent male contraception. Despite its benefits such as cost-effectiveness, minimal invasive nature, brief procedure duration (10 – 20 minutes), and fewer complications than female sterilization, it is still notably underused in low- and middle-income nations, including Ethiopia. Considering the inconsistencies present in the literature and clear knowledge gaps, it is essential to investigate the factors that affect men's intention to consider vasectomy to develop effective reproductive health strategies and encourage male participation in family planning. Objective: To assess intention to use vasectomy and its predictors among married men attending reproductive health services at public health facilities of Asella Town, Oromia Method: An institution based cross-sectional study design was employed to collect data from 267 married men attending at selected public health facilities of Asella Town. By using a simple random sampling technique, participants were selected, and data was collected using a structured questionnaire. It was entered into EPI data version 4.6 and then exported to Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 25 for analysis. Bivariate regression analysis was done, and all variables with a p-value < 0.25 in the bivariate analysis was entered into the multivariable analysis. Finally, significance was set at a P-value < 0.05. The study achieved a 97.4% response rate, ensuring sampling adequacy. Result: The magnitude of intention to use vasectomy among married men in this study was 24.2% (95% CI: 19.6–29.6). Factors significantly associated with intention to use vasectomy included urban residency (AOR = 2.56, 95% CI: 1.08–6.10), being employed as a daily laborer (AOR = 5.12, 95% CI: 1.01–25.94), and having good knowledge of vasectomy (AOR = 2.27, 95% CI: 0.98–5.25). Although the confidence interval for knowledge included 1.0, the variable approached statistical significance and warrants further exploration. Conclusion and Recommendation: This study highlights a low intention to use vasectomy and identify key socio-demographic and knowledge-related factors influencing men’s willingness. Public health interventions should focus on improving men’s knowledge of Vasectomy, addressing misconceptions, promoting positive Attitudes, and targeting rural communities. Health education and counseling programs involving both men and couples are critical to enhance vasectomy acceptance. Further research is recommended to explore cultural, behavioral, and health system barriers to male sterilization in Ethiopia.
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    Health care workers cervical cancer screening service provision and associated factors in public health facilities in Asella Town, Oromia, Ethiopia, 2025 G.C
    (2025-05-01) Tilahun Sahlu
    Abstract Background: Cervical cancer, ranking as the fourth most common cancer and also the fourth leading cause of cancer death among women worldwide, claimed an estimated 662,000 new cases and around 349,000 death in 2024. The burden is disproportionately high among the developing countries, majorly Sub-Saharan Africa where limited access to Human papilloma (HPV) vaccines, Organized screening, and timely treatment. Despite the high burden, evidence regarding cervical cancer screening practices in the study area remains limited. Objective: To assess cervical cancer screening service provision and associated factors among health care professional in public health facilities in Asella town, Oromia, Ethiopia,2025. Methods: An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted at Asella Referral and Teaching Hospital (ARTH) and two public health centers in Asella town, located in the Arsi Zone of the Oromia Region, Ethiopia. The study was conducted from August 1, 2025 to October 30, 2025 on sample size of 181. A simple random sampling technique was employed to select participants proportionally from each health facility. Data were collected using Kobo toolbox V3.3, after data checked for completeness, exported to Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 28 for analysis. Frequency, mean and standard deviation were used as descriptive statistics. Both binary and multiple logistic regression was conducted. Adjusted odds ratios (AOR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were reported to measure the strength of associations. At p-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results were presented using tables, charts. Result: According to this study 63(34.8%) with (95% CI: 27.9,41.4) of study participants reported as they ever did visual inspection under acetic acid or ligol’s iodine for their clients. Level of education having degree, (AOR = 7.3, 95% CI: 2.1,25.15), Level of knowledge with (AOR = 0.303, 95% CI: 0.123,0.74) and received training on VIA with (AOR = 5.27, 95% CI:1.73,16.1) were associated factors to practice cervical cancer screening in the study area. Conclusion: This study revealed a low level of VIA/VILI practice among healthcare providers when compared to WHO standards. These findings indicate that limited training, inadequate knowledge, and lower professional qualification are major barriers to the implementation of cervical cancer screening services in the study area. Keywords: Knowledge, Attitude, Practice, Cervical Cancer Screening, Health Care Workers, Ethiopia
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    MATERNAL SATISFACTION WITH CESAREAN SECTION PAIN MANAGEMENT AND ITS ASSOCIATED FACTORS AT ASELLA REFERRAL AND TEACHING HOSPITAL, ETHIOPIA, 2026
    (2025-05-01) WORKENAH KASSAYE
    ABSTRACT Background: Cesarean section is a common obstetric procedure that reduces maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality when indicated. However, postoperative pain remains a major challenge, particularly in low and middle-income countries, and may negatively affect recovery and maternal satisfaction. Maternal satisfaction with postoperative pain management is an important indicator of obstetric care quality, yet evidence on its determinants is limited in Ethiopia. Objective; This study aimed at assessing maternal satisfaction with postoperative pain management following cesarean section and factor associated with it. Methods: Facility based cross-sectional study was conducted from July1,2025 to November 30,2025 among women who underwent cesarean section at Asella referral and teaching hospital in Ethiopia. A total of 309 participants were selected using systematic random sampling. Data were collected using a structured, pretested, interviewer-administered questionnaire. Postoperative pain was assessed using a standardized pain scale, and maternal satisfaction was measured using validated tools. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and multivariable logistic regression, with statistical significance set at p < 0.05. Results: A total of 309 participants were enrolled in the study. Overall, 54.5% of women reported being satisfied with postoperative pain management. Factors independently associated with satisfaction included prior surgical experience (AOR = 2.33; 95% CI: 1.27–4.26; p = 0.006), receipt of adequate preoperative information (AOR = 2.48; 95% CI: 1.35–4.56; p = 0.004), alleviation of preoperative anxiety (AOR = 2.60; 95% CI: 1.49–4.53; p = 0.001), use of a nerve block (AOR = 12.20; 95% CI: 2.52–59.09; p = 0.002), midline incision (AOR = 3.36; 95% CI: 1.37–8.20; p = 0.008), regular healthcare worker visits (AOR = 2.49; 95% CI: 1.10–5.65; p = 0.028), and provision of information about pain relief options (AOR = 1.91; 95% CI: 1.11–3.29; p = 0.020). Conclusion and Recommendations: Improving satisfaction requires a patient-centered, multidimensional approach beyond pain reduction alone. Strengthening preoperative counseling, optimizing multimodal analgesia, enhancing provider–patient communication, and standardizing pain management protocols are essential to improving maternal experience and quality of obstetric care. Hospitals should institutionalize structured postoperative visits and prioritize patient centered care. Keywords: Cesarean section; Postoperative pain; maternal satisfaction; Pain management; Ethiopia.
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    Magnitude of episiotomy practice and associated factors among Women who gave birth at Health Facilities in Asella Town: A Cross-Sectional Study, Oromia, Ethiopia, 2025
    (2025-05-01) Gadisa Berhane
    Abstract Background: An episiotomy is an intended incision of the perineum to enlarge the vaginal opening for birth. Societies such as WHO, ACOG, and FIGO recommend restrictive episiotomy practice with WHO recommending a rate of less than 10%. Despite this recommendation, the finding of certain study shows the prevalence of practice is high in the country. This study will determine the magnitude of episiotomy practice and associated factors in health facilities in Asella town. Methods: Institution based cross-sectional study design was used. Data were collected using a semi-structured questionnaire administered by trained personnel using kobo toolbox then exported, cleaned and analyzed using Stata 14 statistical software. Descriptive statistics, frequency distribution tables, and graphs were used to present the data. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression model was used to see relationships between dependent and independent variables. A p-value < 0.05 will indicate statistical significance. Results: Among 385 women who underwent vaginal delivery, the prevalence of episiotomy was 61.04%, with a significantly higher rate observed among primipara (83.06%) compared to multiparous women (41.09%). Multivariable logistic regression identified primiparity as the strongest predictor, with these women having 7.93 times higher odds of receiving an episiotomy (AOR = 7.93; 95% CI: 4.76–13.20) than multigravida women. Other independent predictors included a maternal BMI >25 kg/m² (AOR = 4.81; 95% CI: 2.11–10.97), high household income (>15,000 ETB) (AOR = 2.83; 95% CI: 1.34–5.96), and deliveries managed by medical interns (AOR = 2.71; 95% CI: 1.24–5.90). Conclusion: The prevalence of episiotomy in this study was 61.04%, which is higher than the recommended rate by WHO (10%). Multivariable analysis identified primi-parity, high maternal BMI, high household income, and the profession of the birth attendant as independent predictors of the procedure. The findings of the study indicate that episiotomy practice in the study area remains high and aligned with a routine approach than the evidence-based restrictive approach recommended by the WHO.
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    Immediate Adverse Neonatal Outcomes and Associated Factors among Deliveries with Non-Reassuring Fetal Heart Rate in public Health Facilities of Asela Town, Ethiopia
    (2025-05-01) Dereje Worku
    Abstract Introduction: Non-reassuring fetal heart rate patterns during labor indicate potential fetal distress and may lead to adverse neonatal outcomes. However, local evidence on neonatal outcomes following Non-reassuring fetal heart rate status in Asela town public health facilities is limited. Objectives: To assess immediate adverse neonatal outcomes and associated factors among deliveries complicated by Non-reassuring fetal heart rate status at Asela public Health facilities in 2025. Methods: A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted from October to December 2025 among 282 postpartum mothers at Asella referral and teaching hospital, Asela and Halial Health Centers. Participants were selected using systematic random sampling. Data were collected through interviews and chart reviews and analyzed using SPSS version 25. Factors associated with immediate adverse neonatal outcomes identified at a significance level of p < 0.05. Results: In the current study, 282 mothers were participated with the response rate of 100%. The prevalence of immediate adverse neonatal outcome was 30.9%(87) (CI: 25.5%, 36.5%) Of these cases, 29.4%(83) occurred at Asella referral and teaching hospital, 1.1%(3) at Asella health center, and 0.4%(1) at Hilal. The common adverse outcomes were neonatal care unit admission 87(30.9%), respiratory distress (13.8%), neonatal sepsis (12.4%), low APGAR scores at 5 minutes (5.3%), hypoxic encephalopathy (5.3%), and early neonatal death (3.2%). In multivariable analysis, maternal age ≥35 years (AOR: 15.86; 95% CI: 1.97, 52.2), bad obstetric history (AOR 9.87, 95% CI 1.61–34.2), Current pregnancy Complication (AOR 2.78, 95% CI 1.22–6.33), preterm neonates (<37 weeks) (AOR 15.27,95% CI 3.45–38.5), referral from another health facility (AOR 5.39, 95% CI 2.2–13.2),MSAF (AOR 4.37, 95% CI 1.86–10.24), prolonged ROM (AOR 1.22, 95% CI 1.03–4.24) diagnosis of Non-reassuring fetal heart rate status during the active first stage of labor (AOR 14.1, 95% CI 4.41–32.3), and during the second stage (AOR 14.7, 95% CI 3.35–29.51) were significant factors associated with immediate adverse neonatal outcomes. Conclusion: Nearly one-third of neonates among deliveries complicated by Non-reassuring fetal heart rate status experienced immediate adverse outcomes in Asela. The common adverse outcomes were neonatal care unit admission, respiratory distress, neonatal sepsis, low APGAR scores, HIE, and early neonatal lose. Advanced maternal age, a bad obstetric history, presence of current pregnancy complications, prematurity, and referral from other health facilities, meconium-stained amniotic fluid, prolonged rupture of membrane, and diagnosis of fetal compromise during active first stage of labor or second stage of labor were significant determinants. Therefore, I recommend better antenatal care, faster referral systems, and improved fetal monitoring and resuscitation Keywords: Magnitude, Outcome, Fetus, Neonates, Asela
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    Macrosomia and Associated Factors among Newborns Delivered at Asella Teaching and Referral Hospital, Southeast Ethiopia, 2025
    (2025-05-01) Yosef Mesfin
    Abstract Background: Fetal macrosomia defined as birth weight of 4000 g and above regardless of gestational age. Globally, macrosomia affects 8 to 12% of normal pregnancy. Fetal macrosomia increases maternal risks like postpartum hemorrhage, prolonged labor, perineal tears, and cesarean delivery, while newborns face risks such as perinatal asphyxia, meconium aspiration, and birth injuries like clavicular fractures. In resource-limited settings, these complications are heightened due to limited obstetric and neonatal care, especially in developing countries. Objectives: This study aims to Asses Prevalence and Factors Associated with Macrosomia Among Newborns Delivered in AR at Arsi University Referral and Teaching Hospital in 2025. Methodology: A Facility based Cross-Sectional design was employed from August-October 2025. Data were collected through direct interviews, along with measuring the newborn weight, and supported by a review of medical records. The collected data were exported from Kobo toolbox to SPSS for thorough analysis. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize sociodemographic, obstetric, and clinical characteristics of the study participants. Bivariate analysis was initially conducted and Variables with a p-value <0.25 in the bivariate analysis was included in the multivariable logistic regression model to control for potential confounders. Adjusted odds ratios (AORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) was used to measure the strength of association, and statistical significance was declared at p-value <0.05. Results: The prevalence of macrosomia was 12.9% (95% CI: 10.0%–15.9%).. In multivariable analysis, maternal age ≥35 years (AOR = 2.1; 95% CI: 1.36–7.45), urban residency (AOR = 1.26; 95% CI: 1.07–5.94), college-level or higher education (AOR = 4.4; 95% CI: 1.44–43.38), pre-pregnancy overweight (AOR = 6.2; 95% CI: 1.59–23.71), and obesity (AOR = 13.1; 95% CI: 2.28–74.23) were significant predictors of macrosomia. Conclusion: The study found a relatively high prevalence of macrosomia, with advanced maternal age, urban residence, higher maternal education, and pre-pregnancy overweight and obesity significantly increasing the risk. Interventions focusing on maternal weight management and lifestyle modification, especially among older and urban women, are critical to reduce macrosomia-related complication