PREVALENCE OF ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS AMONG ACUTE HEART FAILURE PATIENTS ADMITTED AT ASELA REFERRAL AND TEACHING HOSPITAL, ARSI UNIVERSITY, ASELLA, CENTRAL ETHIOPIA

Abstract

ABSTRACT Introduction: Heart failure often leads to hospitalization and can directly impact other organs, such as the kidneys. Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common complication in patients hospitalized for acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) and is associated with worse outcomes. However, there are limited data on the magnitude of AKI among hospitalized ADHF patients in resource-limited settings such as Ethiopia. Objective: To assess the prevalence of acute kidney injury and associated factors among acute heart failure patients admitted at Asela Teaching and Referral Hospital, central Ethiopia, from May to December 2025. Methodology: An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the prevalence of acute kidney injury and associated risk factors among acute heart failure patients at Asela Teaching and Referral Hospital. A total of 180 admitted patients were included. Data were collected using structured questionnaires and analyzed using EPI Info and SPSS version 27. Descriptive statistics were summarized using frequencies, percentages, and medians. Bi-variate logistic regression was performed to identify candidate variables (p < 0.2), which were entered into multivariable logistic regression. Associations were reported using adjusted odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals, and p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: A total of 121 patients admitted with acute decompensated heart failure were included in the study. Acute kidney injury occurred in 29 patients, giving a prevalence of 24% (95%CI17.2-32.3%. In multivariable logistic regression analysis, diabetes mellitus (AOR=67.74; 95%CI: 6.53-702.34; p<0.001), presence of infection (AOR=27.78; 95%CI: 3.40-227.28; p=0.002) , and atrial fibrillation (AOR=17.75;95%CI 3.09-101.81;p=0.001) were independently associated with the development of AKI. Conclusion: Acute kidney injury was a common complication among patients admitted with acute decompensated heart failure. Diabetes mellitus, infection, and atrial fibrillation were identified as independent predictors of AKI. Keys- acute decompensated heart failure, acute kidney injury