Magnitude and Factors Associated with Postpartum Depression among Women Who Gave Birth in the Last 12 Months in Asella Town Public Health Facility, Arsi Zone, Oromia, Southeast Ethiopia, 2025

Abstract

ABSTRACT Background Postpartum depression is a common condition that would likely remain undetected if symptoms are less severe, and could become severe or chronic if not recognized and treated. Being the most prevalent form of mental illness during the postpartum period, it may happen as early as two weeks postpartum. Objective: To assess the magnitude and factors associated with postpartum depression among women who gave birth in the last 12 months, attending for postnatal care and vaccination services in public health facilities of Asella town, Arsi zone, southeast Ethiopia, 2025. Methods: An institutional cross-sectional study was conducted among 304 postpartum women attending public health facilities in Asella Town, with a 99% response rate. Participants were selected using systematic random sampling, and data were collected through face-to-face interviews with the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale and structured questionnaires using Kobo Toolbox. Tools were translated into Amharic and Afan Oromo, and pre-tested on 5% of the sample. Trained diploma nurses conducted the interviews under supervision. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 26, with EPDS ≥13 indicating postpartum depression. Variables with p < 0.25 in bivariate analysis were included in multivariate logistic regression, and significance was declared at p < 0.05. Results were reported as adjusted odds ratios and Crude Odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals. Result: The prevalence of postpartum depression in this study was 27.6% (95% CI: 22.75%–33.08%). Significant predictors included financial problems (AOR = 2.72, 95% CI: 1.39–5.33), separation or divorce (AOR = 4.52, 95% CI: 1.98–10.34), unplanned pregnancy (AOR = 3.05, 95% CI: 1.39–6.71), death of a baby (AOR = 2.43, 95% CI: 1.14–5.18), and history of depression (AOR = 2.04, 95% CI: 1.03–4.04) respectively. Conclusion: Postpartum depression is a significant maternal health concern in Asella Town, in which one out of four mothers is affected. Low economy, marital instability, unplanned pregnancy, loss of a baby, and prior depression were the main determinants. This highlights the need for routine screening and integration of maternal mental health into postnatal care. Keywords: Postpartum depression, Maternal mental health, Postpartum period, Asella