MAGNITUDE OF POST-TUBERCULOSIS LUNG DISEASES AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS AMONG ADULT PATIENTS ADMITTED TO ASELLA REFERRAL AND TEACHING HOSPITAL, ETHIOPIA

Abstract

Abstract Introduction: Globally an estimated 155 million tuberculosis (TB) survivors were alive in 2020, of whom approximately 27 million people could be identified and evaluated for ‘post-tuberculosis lung disease’ (PTLD). The post-TB lung disease is a chronic respiratory disease that persists even after successful completion of treatment for primary tuberculosis. Its global prevalence may reaches up to 59% among patients with history of TB treatment. However, data on its prevalence and associated factors is lacking in Ethiopia. Methodology: An institution based cross-sectional study was conducted on patients who had a history of pulmonary tuberculosis treatment and were admitted to the medical ward over six years, from January 1, 2019, to December 31, 2024, to assess the magnitude and associated factors of post-tuberculosis lung disease. A total of 181 participants were selected by simple random sampling. Data were collected from logbooks and patient charts using checklists on koboToolbox and analyzed using SPSS version 31. Descriptive statistics were carried out, and categorical variables were reported as frequencies and percentages, whereas mean and median reporting was used for numerical variables. Crude odds ratios with their 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated in the bivariate logistic regression and those variables with a P value < 0.25 in the bivariate logistic regression were fitted into the multivariable logistic regression analysis. The strength of association was reported using adjusted odds ratios with 95% CI, and P value < 0.05 was declared as statistically significant. Results: Among the 181 studied individuals, one-third (33.7%) had bacteriologically confirmed pulmonary tuberculosis. The overall prevalence of PTLD was 65.19% (95% CI: 58.25-72.13%). Age older than 60 years (AOR = 20.22, 95% CI: 3.64-112.21, p = <0.001), rural residence (AOR = 7.05, 95% CI: 1.8-27.1, p = 0.005), cigarette smoking (AOR = 182.98, 95% CI: 4.11-813.08, p = 0.007), history of PTB recurrence (AOR = 8.27; 95% CI: 1.40-48.68, p = 0.020), and poor compliance with previous PTB treatment (AOR = 8.62; 95% CI: 1.66-44.80, p = 0.010) were independently associated with developing PTLD. However, HIV seropositivity was associated with reduced risk of PTLD (AOR = 0.073, 95% CI: 0.017-0.310, p < 0.001). Conclusion: This study revealed that PTLD is 65.19% among admitted patients and significantly associated with age 60 years or older, recurrent tuberculosis, poor adherence to prior tuberculosis treatment, cigarette smoking, and rural residence. Keywords: Post-tuberculosis lung disease, PTLD prevalence, Asela Referral and Teaching Hospital, Ethiopia.